Modern geopolitical scenarios require submarines capable of carrying out highly complex missions, ranging from patrolling and data collection to close escort of allied naval groups and deep strike missile attacks against strategically important land targets. To operate effectively in these contexts, the Italian Navy needs units capable of combining a high degree of endurance with superior speed and stealth, overcoming the physical limits of traditional propulsion systems without increasing their overall size.

To provide a concrete response to these operational needs, in my master's degree thesis I developed a feasibility study focused on the integration of modular nuclear mini-reactors on board a newly designed attack submarine. I tackled this engineering problem using the 'spiral' design' methodology, with the aim of designing a vessel with a submerged displacement strictly between 3,500 and 4,000 tonnes and optimising the bottom shape to reduce the Target Strength against active sonars.

The core of my research concerned the use of Small Modular Reactors (SMRs), a technology that offers compact dimensions and flexibility of use, evaluating and comparing two different solutions: pressurised water reactors (PWRs) and high-temperature gas reactors (HTGRs). The design assessments led me to define a vessel 75.25 metres long, with a pressure hull diameter of 8.5 metres and a final submerged displacement of approximately 3,525 tonnes, meeting the required parameters. From a propulsion point of view, while the PWR configuration relies on a traditional steam turbine scheme, the adoption of HTGR technology – based on three helium-cooled modules – allows for the direct generation of electricity. This solution allowed me to configure a full-electric system with two electric propulsion motors, capable of guaranteeing the submarine a continuous speed of 30 knots when submerged.

The use of SMRs thus offers virtually unlimited logistical endurance and high speeds, outlining a technical contribution to the development and projection of national security in the underwater domain.

As an officer in the Italian Navy Engineering Corps, specialising in Naval Engineering, I obtained a master's degree in Naval Engineering from the University of Genoa on 24 March 2026 and I am currently assigned to the Todaro Submarine.​